Roman Numbers
Roman Numbers
Roman Numbers:
Roman numerals originated, as the name might suggest, in ancient Rome. There are seven basic symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M. The first usage of the symbols began showing up between 900 and 800 B.C. The numerals developed out of a need for a common method of counting, essential to communications and trade.
Roman numeral, any of the symbols used in a system of numerical notation based on the ancient Roman system. The symbols are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M, standing respectively for 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 in the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
The symbols that we use for numbers are called Hindu-Arabic numbers.
| Roman Numerals | I | V | X | L | C | D | M |
| Hindu Arabic Numerals | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
Note that there is no 0 in the Roman system. This system does not use place value to write the numbers. Instead, the numbers are obtained by following certain rules.
Rule 1: Repetition of a numeral means addition. However, a numeral cannot be repeated more than three times.
The Symbols V, L and D cannot be repeated.
Rule 2: If a symbol with a smaller value is written before a symbol having a greater value, then we subtract the value of the first symbol from the value of the second symbol.
For example:
IV = 5 - 1 = 4
IX = 10 - 1 = 9
Rule 3: If a symbol with a smaller value is written after a symbol having a greater value, then we add the value of the first symbol to the value of the second symbol.
For example:
VI = 5 + 1 = 6
XI = 10 + 1 = 11
XIII = 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 13
Rule 4: For expressing numbers greater than 10, the numbers are first split in terms of the tens and ones.
For example:
12 = 10 + 1 + 1 = XII
18 = 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = XVIII
35 = 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 = XXXV
Illustration 1: The Roman numeral for 29 is ____________
A..XXVIII
B. XXXVI
C. XXIX
D. None of these
Answer: C
Illustration 2: The Hindu-Arabic numeral for XXXIV is ____________
A..39
B. 29
C. 25
D. None of these
Answer: A
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